Exploring Variations in Body Composition and Physical Fitness Test Outcomes in Young Soccer Players Aged 10 to 12

Abstract

This study aimed to compare Spanish male soccer players aged 11 years (U11) and 12 years (U12) in terms of anthropometric measurements and physical performance. Key anthropometric parameters included body mass, body fat percentage (%BF), and body mass index (BMI). Physical performance was evaluated using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (level 1), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), 10-meter sprint tests, and the 505 change-of-direction (COD) test. Participants were divided into two groups: U12 (n = 21) and U11 (n = 21). Significant differences were found in body weight (p = 0.04), height (p = 0.001), %BF (p = 0.05), and performance metrics: CMJ (p = 0.04), 505 (p = 0.03), 10 m sprint (p = 0.03), and Yo-Yo IR1 (p = 0.04). However, no significant differences were observed in BMI between the age groups. These findings highlight the developmental changes occurring between ages 11 and 12, emphasizing the need for tailored training programs to enhance physical performance in young athletes. The results suggest that age-specific training regimens could optimize athletic performance, prompting coaches to focus on enhancing strength, speed, and agility. Future research should include longitudinal studies to track these changes and assess the impact of specific training interventions. Additionally, exploring the relationship between physical performance and injury risk could provide insights for safer training practices. Ultimately, understanding these dynamics will aid in better talent identification and development strategies in youth soccer.