Female leadership in business management: challenges and strategies for gender equity

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze structural challenges and effective strategies to promote female leadership in senior corporate management across Latin America. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies through a systematic literature review, statistical data analysis, and semi-structured interviews with women in leadership positions. Surveys were administered to female executives from various sectors, and secondary sources such as international organization reports were also utilized. Findings revealed an uneven representation of women in executive roles, with significant differences among countries. Brazil showed the highest female participation (30%), while Venezuela reported the lowest (5%). Statistical analysis confirmed that this distribution was not random but driven by structural factors such as the implementation of gender quotas, cultural barriers, and lack of inclusive policies. The main obstacles identified were the lack of mentorship networks (65%) and persistent gender stereotypes (72%). The most effective strategies included leadership development programs, flexible work arrangements, and gender quotas on corporate boards. Ecuador was highlighted as a critical case, with only 9% of women holding top positions. It was concluded that quotas alone are insufficient and must be part of broader multifocal policies including mentorship programs, enforcement mechanisms, and public-private partnerships. A key contribution of this study was the quantification— for the first time—of each country’s specific contribution to the regional gender gap, providing actionable data to prioritize targeted interventions.