Digital gender gaps and empowerment challenges: ICT adoption among women entrepreneurs in socioeconomically disadvantaged sectors in Ecuador

Abstract

This study analyzes the structural and cultural barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in social sectors of Ecuador, with a focus on the area influenced by the Quevedo State Technical University. A mixed-methods approach was used, including quantitative data (surveys of 300 women) and qualitative data (semi-structured interviews and focus groups). Findings reveal four critical dimensions: limited access to technology, lack of digital skills training, persistent gender stereotypes, and challenges in obtaining formal financing. Notably, 76% of respondents reported significant difficulties in accessing devices and connectivity, while 72% had never received ICT training. Qualitative insights highlight additional constraints such as household workload, digital discrimination, and lack of support networks. This work contributes to the literature on digital gender divides by integrating socioeconomic and cultural variables into a contextualized analysis. The study provides policy recommendations for educational institutions, public agencies, and development stakeholders to promote gender-sensitive digital inclusion. It reinforces the importance of empowering women economically through equitable access to digital resources and capabilities.