Challenges of the Use of Disruptive Technologies in Education

Abstract

This article analyzes the ethical, social, and geopolitical challenges associated with the implementation of disruptive technologies—artificial intelligence (AI), learning management systems (LMS), and augmented reality (AR)—in education. From a Science, Technology and Society (STS) perspective, it examines their historical evolution, current applications, and future trends, highlighting their potential to personalize learning, optimize educational management, and provide immersive experiences. It identifies critical risks such as the massive collection of student data threatening privacy; algorithmic biases that reproduce inequalities; and the digital divide that excludes marginalized populations. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of inclusive policies and ongoing critical reflection, without which these technologies could exacerbate educational inequalities instead of democratizing them.