International Comparison on Protection of Rights of People with Catastrophic Illnesses in Ecuador

Abstract

Despite their constitutional recognition as a vulnerable group, people with catastrophic illnesses in Ecuador face significant disadvantages in diagnosis, treatment and access to specialized medical care, which negatively impacts their quality of life and emotional well-being. A mixed methodology was used that combines qualitative analysis of regulations and quantitative surveys, revealing a discrepancy between existing legislation and its effective application. The research compares the Ecuadorian regulatory framework with international standards, highlighting that, although Ecuador has adopted a progressive approach in constitutionalizing the right to health, shortcomings in implementation persist. The results suggest that, although judicial mechanisms such as the Constitutional Protection Action exist, their effectiveness depends on accessibility and institutional commitment. Therefore, it is concluded that a coordinated effort between the government, health authorities and civil society is imperative to develop public policies that ensure not only adequate medical care, but also job stability and access to expensive treatments. This comprehensive approach is crucial to safeguard the dignity and well-being of affected people, aligning with international human rights commitments.