hi Environmental trade-offs and socioeconomic benefits of commercial reforestation with Cedrelinga cateniformis in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Abstract

Commercial forest plantations in the Ecuadorian Amazon have been promoted through state incentives to reduce pressure on primary forests, yet they frequently lack rigorous Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). This study assessed the biophysical and socioeconomic impacts of an 80-hectare plantation utilizing the native species Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) in Orellana province, encompassing the establishment and initial maintenance phases. An adapted Leopold Matrix was applied to identify and rank 336 environmental interactions. The results revealed a critical duality: whereas site preparation activities (clearing, felling) and chemical weed control generated significant negative impacts on secondary vegetation cover and soil quality (increased erosion and acidity), the project yielded immediate socioeconomic benefits regarding local employment generation and community organizational strengthening. The net impact balance was positive (+18 during establishment, +269 during maintenance), suggesting that reforestation with native species is feasible provided that specific mitigation measures addressing acidic soils and steep slopes are implemented. The study concludes that the sustainability of such initiatives is contingent upon managing the trade-offs between temporary ecological disturbance and long-term economic benefits.