Socio-economic and environmental effects of Oil Extraction in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the environmental and social impacts derived from oil extraction in the Ecuadorian Amazon, updating the data until 2024. This update facilitates the creation of strategies aimed at mitigating the negative effects and promoting sustainable development in the region analyzed. For the study, a non-experimental and longitudinal research design was adopted. The data were obtained from documentary sources and government databases in Ecuador. Descriptive analyses were conducted that addressed the expansion of oil production, as well as environmental impacts, including deforestation and pollution. The context of social variables and poverty in the chosen region was also examined.  The results indicate a decrease in oil production since 2010, which has had a considerable impact on biodiversity, associated with problems of deforestation and pollution of water bodies. The mitigation strategies that have been put in place have proved inadequate to mitigate these adverse effects. Among the main risks identified are habitat fragmentation and the elimination of endemic species. The evidence collected underscores the urgent need to implement more effective policies that address and reduce the impact of extractive activities. in biodiversity. This includes reforestation and the advancement of renewable energy. In addition, the involvement of local communities in decisions is essential to ensure sustainable development in the region.