Main features of Iran-Azerbaijani relations: historical roots and future prospects

Abstract

Bilateral relations in the South Caucasus region are fundamental to the geopolitical stability and economic development of the region. There are numerous studies on the regional dynamics of the South Caucasus, but there is limited understanding of how historical, cultural, and religious ties between Azerbaijan and Iran influence their contemporary bilateral relations, particularly since Azerbaijan's independence following the disintegration of the USSR. This research analyzed the fundamental characteristics that have defined bilateral relations between Iran and Azerbaijan since the Iranian Revolution of 1979 until the first decade of the 2000s, considering the historical, political, economic, and cultural aspects that shape this complex diplomatic relationship. Our results reveal that high-level political dialogues have positively impacted economic and cultural cooperation, especially in key areas such as resource exploitation in the Caspian Sea and international economic projects. Moreover, both countries have demonstrated a clear preference for peaceful resolution of regional issues. These bilateral dynamics not only strengthen regional stability but also significantly influence relations with other key regional players such as Turkey and Russia. In general, despite several tensions due to the alignment of Azerbaijan with Western policies, strengthening ties between Iran and Azerbaijan could be crucial for the future development and stability of the South Caucasus.