Sources of case category formation and development directions in the Azerbaijani language

Abstract

The case system represents a fundamental morphological-syntactic category in the Azerbaijani language, crucial for understanding the historical development and unique characteristics of this Turkic language. This system's evolution provides vital insights into the broader linguistic heritage of the region and the development of Turkic languages. Few previous studies have addressed the historical and linguistic connections between Sumerian and Azerbaijani case systems, particularly concerning the temporal origins of specific cases and their development. Additionally, the ethnocultural context has been analyzed from a limited perspective, lacking a comprehensive understanding of the multiple influences that shaped this linguistic structure. The goal of this research is to examine the historical evolution and distinctive features of the Azerbaijani case system through the analysis of written sources and classical literary works. The research reveals that the Azerbaijani case system emerged from the Turkic case system foundation but developed distinctive features as the national language evolved from the beginning of the new era. While maintaining core similarities with other Turkic languages, it exhibits specific phonetic and functional distinctions. Evidence demonstrates that certain cases, including possessive and accusative, appeared earlier than previously acknowledged in linguistic literature. These findings necessitate a reassessment of the Azerbaijani language's historical and linguistic trajectory, particularly regarding its case system development. This research highlights the importance of considering deeper ethnolinguistic relationships in studying Turkic languages' historical development.