Derecho cívico y patriótico: el voto facultativo general en el Ecuador

Resumen

En el Ecuador el género femenino ha sido históricamente discriminado en varios ámbitos como el laboral, salarial, social, igualdad de oportunidades, entre otros. En la Constitución del Ecuador existen cambios significativos en beneficio de la mujer embarazada y su periodo de lactancia. Esto es tanto así, que se las considera dentro del grupo de atención prioritaria. El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar si las trabajadoras del sector privado reciben un trato diferenciado injustificado frente a las del sector público al momento de contabilizar su periodo de lactancia. Para ello se empleó la investigación documental y de campo. El presente trabajo permitió determinar que las trabajadoras del sector privado durante su período de lactancia tienen un trato diferenciado injustificado frente a las del sector público. Se llevó a cabo un breve análisis de la jurisprudencia, doctrina y normativa constitucional del Ecuador. A partir de ello, se elabora y aplica una encuesta a una muestra de trabajadores del sector del Derecho, para determinar sus consideraciones sobre la vulneración del derecho a la igualdad en este sentido.

Palabras clave:

voto facultativo, voto obligatorio, derechos de participación, derechos civiles

ABSTRACT

The Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in its article 83, numeral 17 urges citizens to participate in the political, civic and community life of the country, in an honest and transparent manner. This represents the ethical and moral participation of citizens with respect to their duties and obligations. Hence, the objective was focused on the analysis of voting in Ecuador, to determine whether it should be exercised in a mandatory or optional way in general as a civic and patriotic right. For this purpose, the analytical-synthetic methods were used and the collection of documentary information such as current regulations, doctrinal texts, comparative legislation, in addition, surveys were conducted which gave a result that 65% of respondents do not agree that the vote is mandatory in Ecuador, in addition, it was determined that if the vote were optional, according to 83% of respondents if they would go to exercise the vote in elections. By virtue of this, it was concluded that optional voting should be implemented in Ecuador, as it would guarantee that people go to the polls with absolute equality, will, responsibility and freedom, empowering the democratic process to exercise it as a civic right rather than as an obligation, for which the Constitution should be amended and the appropriate way would be a constitutional amendment.

Keywords:

Optional vote, compulsory vote, participation rights, civil rights