Political-Institutional impact of the “cross death” in Ecuador

Abstract

Contemporary political systems have implemented a variety of mechanisms to preserve the balance between state powers and address institutional crises. These instruments, which differ according to each nation's constitutional structure, represent the need for resources that facilitate the resolution of political deadlocks without jeopardizing democratic stability. In this context, the study analyzes the political-institutional impact of the "muerte cruzada" (cross death) in Ecuador, a constitutional mechanism that allows the president to dissolve the National Assembly in crisis situations. The research, based on documentary analysis, expert interviews, and comparative study, reveals that its application in 2023 by President Lasso generated a significant alteration in the balance of powers and raised questions about its legitimacy. The results indicate that this mechanism interrupted crucial democratic processes, such as an ongoing political trial, and created a period of institutional uncertainty. The study highlights the urgent need for more detailed regulation to prevent its abuse and ensure its application only in extraordinary situations. The study concludes that the "muerte cruzada" has set a precedent that could influence the management of future political crises, with the risk of normalizing its use as a means of resolving conflicts between powers, in a context of declining citizen trust in political institutions.

Keywords: Political systems, Balance of powers, Institutional crisis, Democratic stability.