Estudio de los eslabones de la cadena de valor del banano en la provincia de El Oro

Resumen

La cadena de valor es un conjunto de actividades requeridas para la obtención de un producto o servicio, añade valor al producto final, da un beneficio al productor y al consumidor. Ecuador es conocido como uno de los principales exportadores de banano en el mundo y este producto representa un alto por ciento en el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB). Existen miles de productores bananeros y su gran mayoría se localiza en la provincia de El Oro, una de las regiones costeras con las condiciones
climáticas ideales para la producción. En el trabajo se ofrece la descripción de la cadena de valor de la producción bananera: el proceso de producción, industrialización, comercialización, distribución y transporte, hasta el consumidor final. La descripción del ciclo completo permite un análisis comprensivo de los factores económicos y de mercado los cuales
impactan la industria agrícola bananera.
Palabras clave:

Cadena de valor, actividades, fases, competitividad, banano, productores.

ABSTRACT
The value chain is a set of activities that are required to obtain a product or service, which add value to the final product, giving a benefit both to the producer and consumer. Ecuador is known as the main banana exporter in the world, and this product represents 28% of agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP), banana accounts for 2% of Ecuador´s total GDP. There are approximately 7 300 banana farmers in Ecuador the bulk of whom are located in “La Provincia de El Oro”, a primarily coastal región with weather conditions ideally suited for banana production. The El Oro Province, according to an Agriculture land and production poll 2013 report (knows in spanish as ESPAC), has about 4 000 banana farmers covering 64 000 hectares of farm land and anual production of 2 600 000 tons of bananas. This represents 43,3% of all ecuadorian banana production. This Project will provide a detailed description of the value chain of banana production; including the farm production process, industrialization, marketing and distribution, transport, and final consumer receipt. The description
of the full banana production life-cycle will allow for comprehensive analysis of both economic and market factors which impact the banana farming industry. For banana farmers, prices are set by the National Goverment who consider factors such as customer demand, product appearance and overall quality. Given the steady climate, Ecuadorian bananas are harvested year round, however the proce paid by exporters fluctuates, which causes farmers to make various adjustments and other
considerations along the value chain.

Keywords:

Value chain, activities, phases, competitiveness, banana, producer.